maybe something like this using mediainfo and exiftool?

#!/bin/bash

for file in *.jpg *.mp4; do
    # Extract date and time from file's metadata
    if [[ $file == *.jpg ]]; then
        datetime=$(exiftool -DateTimeOriginal -d "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S" "$file" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
    else
        datetime=$(mediainfo --Output="General;%File_Modified_Date%" "$file" | awk -F' ' '{print $1"_"$2}' | tr -d ':' | tr -d '-')
    fi

    # If datetime was found, rename the file 
    if [ -n "$datetime" ]; then
        # Extract extension of file 
        ext="${file##*.}"
        # Rename file with date and time as prefix (remove echo after testing it)
        echo mv -- "$file" "${datetime}.${ext}"
    fi

done

Use ffprobe to get video info, it makes it dead easy. Practically a one liner.

You could use stat to get this information based on the file itself. And with jhead for example you can get the additional meta data in the files, stored in the EXIF and IPTC tags.

Both can be used in scripts.

Date modified can be obtained by ls assuming you haven’t touched the files. Ffprobe is your friend for video length.

I’ve been using ChatGPT to help come up with bash scripts like this. Make sure you test the script out on a folder of dummy files first if you’re not sure.