Yeah, +1 for bottom. Love myself a nice ASCII graph

The best way to validate an email address is to sent it an email validation link.

Anything outside of that is a waste of effort.

It depends on the application.

I don’t remember all the specifics but this is the blog post I refer to when this topic comes up

https://codeblog.jonskeet.uk/2019/03/27/storing-utc-is-not-a-silver-bullet/

The only time using UTC breaks down is when any sort of time change gets involved.

If I say I want a reminder at 9am six months from now and you store that as UTC, a day light savings change will mean I get my reminder an hour early or late depending on where in the world I am

That’s pipenv. Pip just has the capability to read and write from a requirements.txt, which is a step that must be taken manually